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The Verein für Deutsche Kulturbeziehungen im Ausland (VDA; "Association for German cultural relations abroad") is a German cultural organisation. During the Nazi era it was engaged in spying across the whole world, using German minorities living in other countries.〔Insidious Foes: The Axis Fifth Column and the American Home Front By Francis MacDonnel, page 108, Oxford University Press, 19 Sep 1995〕〔Brothers Beyond the Sea: National Socialism in Canada page 52 By Jonathan Frederick Wagner〕 Its other goals included preservation of German culture among "racial Germans".〔Hitler's Enforcers: The Gestapo and the SS Security Service in the Nazi Revolution page 60 By State University of New York George C. Browder Professor of History College of Freedonia〕 On the 13 May 1880, in Vienna, the ''Deutscher Schulverein'' (DSV/German School Association) was formed. In 1881, the ''Allgemeine Deutsche Schulverein zur Erhaltung des Deutschtums im Auslande'' (General German School Association for the Conservation of Germanness Abroad), was formed in Berlin by Hamburg lawyer Julius Scharlach. It was modeled on the Viennese DSV. The associations in Vienna and Berlin initially worked closely together. There are donation cards with the imprint of DSV-Berlin and Vienna in existence. In 1908, the Berlin association was renamed ''Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland'' (Association for Germanness Abroad), and the current abbreviation VDA, which is usually used, was adopted. The VDA had its own symbol, a woman's head with braids and Crown. During this time, the DSV in Vienna continued under its original name. During WWI, the VDA was at work in the service of the fighting soldiers. Its collections (donation cards such as folk song cards, Our Field Gray etc.) were there to benefit the wounded, displaced persons and the next of kin of fallen soldiers. After 1919, the Association in Austria continued under the name ''Deutscher Schulverein Südmark'' (German school association South region). In Germany, the work of VDA was long interrupted after the war. It was not until 1925 that the association could commence its work again in Berlin, later Dresden. It was renamed ''Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland'' in 1933. VDA welcomed the coming of the Nazi regime, as it shared its ideology with the Nazis, including elements such as racism.〔Nazi Germany and the American Hemisphere, 1933-1941 Alton Frye Yale University Press,page 17, 1967〕 It was used to promote Nazi political and racist ideas and was especially active in schools〔Growing Up Female in Nazi Germany - Page 220 Dagmar Reese - 2006 University of Michigan Press〕 When Klagenfurt in Austria canceled the association's planned rally in 1933, some 18,000 participants flocked to Passau instead.〔 Anna Rosmus: Hitlers Nibelungen, Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 82f 〕 The ''Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland (VDA)'' was renamed Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland in 1933. It had started ... The National Socialists used the association for their own political aims and racist propaganda. During the pre-war years and through WWII, the VDA distributed over 1,200 different donation badges, postcards and other items to raise funds for its charity work. This was done alongside other similar charity drives by organisations such as the Winterhilfswerk (WHW), the Deutsches Rotes Kreuz (DRK/German Red Cross) and others.In the middle of 30s the organization found itself in dispute with Hitler, as it had more extensive territorial claims against other countries than Hitler was willing to demonstrate in international arena;after the Second World War started, VDA together with SS was engaged in preparing and carrying out ethnic cleansing in territories conquered by Nazis〔German Scholars and Ethnic Cleansing, 1920-1945, Issue 2006 Michael Fahlbusch, Ingo Haar page 160〕 during the Second World War VDA In 1955, it was reestablished under its former name ''Verein für das Deutschtum im Ausland'' at the initiative of the Bavarian Prime Minister Wilhelm Hoegner, the Minister of Culture Alois Hundhammer, the chairman of the German Confederation of Trade Unions in Bavaria Max Wönner, industrialist Rudolf Rodenstock and several prominent public figures. It became the ''Verein für Deutsche Kulturbeziehungen im Ausland'' in 1998. Chairman of the organisation is Hartmut Koschyk, a CSU Member of Parliament. ==Notable members== *Theodor Mommsen, Nobel Prize laureate for literature *Franz Liszt, composer *Wilhelm Hoegner, Prime Minister of Bavaria *Rudolf Rodenstock, industrialist 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Verein für Deutsche Kulturbeziehungen im Ausland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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